Мониторинг качества воздуха в промышленных центрах: мировой и казахстанский опыт на основе исследования взвешенных частиц (PM2.5, PM10)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/7yekbv21Ключевые слова:
качество воздуха, PM2.5, PM10, атмосферные аэрозоли, элементный состав, промышленные регионы КазахстанаАннотация
В статье представлен обзор исследований качества атмосферного воздуха в промышленных городах Казахстана Усть-Каменогорске и Павлодаре с акцентом на изучение твердых аэрозольных частиц PM2.5 и PM10, а также газообразных загрязнителей, включая SO2, NOx и CO. Цель работы заключается в анализе современного состояния мониторинга атмосферного воздуха в промышленных регионах Казахстана и мира, а также в выявлении существующих научных пробелов в исследованиях аэрозольного загрязнения. Несмотря на ограниченное количество комплексных исследований, в стране накоплен определенный эмпирический опыт по мониторингу концентраций PM2.5 и PM10 и приоритетных токсичных газов, что позволяет оценивать уровень техногенной нагрузки и формировать первичные представления о структуре загрязнения воздуха в урбанизированных и индустриальных зонах. Научная новизна работы заключается в проведении сравнительного анализа отечественного и зарубежного опыта изучения физико-химических характеристик твердых аэрозольных частиц, включая особенности мониторинга PM2.5 и PM10. Показано, что в Казахстане исследования элементного состава, морфологии и источников происхождения твердых аэрозольных частиц остаются недостаточно развитыми по сравнению с практиками стран Европы, США, Китая и Индии, где функционируют разветвленные системы мониторинга, сочетающие регулярные измерения PM2.5 и PM10 с применением спектроскопических и масс-спектрометрических методов анализа. Такой подход обеспечивает более точную идентификацию источников загрязнения и разработку эффективных стратегий снижения вредных выбросов. Сделан вывод о необходимости дальнейших комплексных исследований, направленных на изучение химического состава аэрозольных частиц, их сезонной изменчивости и пространственно-временных закономерностей распространения.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Жанат Байгазинов, Арай Темиржанова, Нурлан Мухамедияров, Касым Жумадилов, Ажар Ташекова, Ербол Шакенов, Медет Актаев (Автор)
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