Влияние объектов нефтегазодобычи на накопление загрязняющих веществ в почве и растениях
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/sp5t9m30Ключевые слова:
растения, факельная установка, тяжелые металлыАннотация
Влияние тяжелых металлов на растения у промышленных объектов на Южном Урале требует тщательного изучения в связи с растущей проблемой загрязнения близлежащих сельскохозяйственных угодий. Целью исследования является сравнение уровней загрязнения тяжелыми металлами растений и почв сельскохозяйственных угодий, расположенных на незначительном удалении от факельной установки, и агроценозов, не подверженных ее воздействию. Проанализирован состав тяжелых металлов в надземных частях растений агрофитоценозов, расположенных в 4 км от факельной установки нефтегазоконденсатного комплекса, и проведено сравнение с показателями культурных растений, произрастающих на чистых территориях. Образцы почв и растений проанализированы на содержание Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb и Zn методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрофотометрии. На исследуемых участках выявлено загрязнение корнеобитаемой зоны Cd, Zn и Cu. Анализ вегетативных органов Panicum miliaceum L. выявил на участке №1 повышенный уровень Zn (в 1,32 раза выше нормы) и Cr (в 1,1 раза выше нормы). Cicer arietinum L. накопил Zn в количествах, превышающих санитарно-гигиенические нормы в 2,2 раза на участке №1, расположенном в зоне сжигания газа, и в 1,4 раза выше нормы на участке №2, расположенном вблизи поселка Ленин на Южном Урале. Накопление элементов в почвах способствует их аккумуляции в растениях, а коэффициенты трансформации тяжелых металлов для Panicum miliaceum и Cicer arietinum образуют аналогичные ряды: Zn>Cu>Cd>Ni=Mn>Pb=Cr. Данные исследования доказывают необходимость проведения экологического мониторинга сельскохозяйственных угодий региона для своевременного выявления изменений параметров агроэкосистем и разработки подходов к их восстановлению.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mariia Vasileva, Tatiana Vasileva (Автор)
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